Content Marketing Strategy With CoSchedule And WordPress VIP

Content Marketing Strategy With And WordPress VIP Execute Your Enterprise Content Marketing Strategy With Ease Some of you have inquired as to whether we wouldâ integrate with WordPress.com VIP. Its now a reality. WordPress.com VIP is the main WordPress answer for ventures. Its basically an across the board bundle for facilitating andâ support to enable huge brands to shake with WordPress. will join the positions of Facebook, Getty Images, and Chartbeatâ as one of just 22â technology accomplices for WordPress.com VIP users. Technology accomplices like give propelled reconciliations and associations to extend the capacities of the center WordPress content administration framework. As an innovation accomplice, willâ provide the substance promoting article schedule that joins blogging, internet based life, group work process, and substance showcasing in a solitary apparatus. All in all, what does the entirety of this mean? is accessible for WordPress.com VIP! Content promoting for ventures just got easier.There is currently a tweaked adaptation of that coordinates consistently with WordPress.com VIP. These extraordinary featuresâ extend past the conventional publication schedule to help WordPress.com VIP usersâ plan incredible substance while sparing a great deal of time. Heres what you can anticipate from for WordPress.com VIP: 1. Utilize The Team Roles That Work For Your Business Each association is unique. You have your own remarkable names for the jobs your group fills to execute your substance promoting methodology. Furthermore, all of those jobs has quite certain duties. Redo everyone’s job in your group to give them the authorizations they requirement for their particular obligations. Assist them with utilizing the highlights they have to accomplish their work, and conceal the ones that impede them. You can even assistance certain colleagues just speak with a couple of individuals. So on the off chance that you have different offices or districts, theres much less disarray from an excessive number of discussions. This center capacity will enable your whole group to impart all the more unmistakably, center the group around achieving their errands, and gives you greater security in your procedures. 2. Modify Your Business Social Media Permissions For Advanced Security Sharing your substance via web-based networking media can assist you with developing your traffic. Doing it right can help youâ grow traffic by 31.5 occasions inside a day of a post distributing. In any case, you may not require each colleague to approach the entirety of your business online networking accounts. So give certain colleagues rights to utilize explicit online life profiles while limiting others get to. When might this be very useful? Imagine teams in various nations overseeing distinctive social records from a similar blog. Or on the other hand potentially various offices that each run separate online networking accounts. You get help your teamâ focus on their own web based life extends and ensure themâ from unintentionally sharing substance withâ the wrong records. 3. Help Your Team Share Content With Their Private Social Profiles At the point when your group makes content theyre glad for, theyll need to impart it to their own fans, devotees, and companions. Your group can shake at online life with private social profiles and offer your substance with the best social sharing calendar that will get you even moreâ traffic. These records will never be open by other colleagues. 4. Realize Who Published And Shared Your Content For Better Accountability At some point, you may simply need to realize who distributed what. Its extremely accommodating to have a full history log to know whoâ modified your blog and internet based life content. Suppose somebody sent an incorrect web based life message. Presently youll know precisely who did it. 5. Get The Support You Need So You Can Focus Your Time On What Matters At the point when your group invests energy inconvenience shooting, that is time they dont spend executing your substance advertising methodology. Get the need level help you requirement for any inquiries you have. Your help incorporates arrangement help, and full help for your whole involvement in . Never waver to connect for an additional hand from the individuals who made the instrument youre utilizing. 6. Get A Lot More Traffic From Social Media what's more, make it worth your time. Your group can plan web based life messages even before your substance distributes. By consolidating online networking planning with blogging, your group remains in the same spot, prepares, and spares a huge amount of time from not utilizing numerous instruments. That implies your group can move quicker, be increasingly gainful, and cooperate in a similar device to seeâ what everybody is chipping away at. 7. Make Your Workflow Finally Work For You Regardless of whether your present work process isnt going that well at the present time, it may not be that its wrong for your association. Its absolutely conceivable that you just arent utilizing the correct device to make your work process work for your group. You simply need an apparatus that encourages you fabricate your own errand formats, name those undertakings, and appoint them to the correct custom jobs for  your group. What's more, in the event that you have to move things around on your schedule, theâ due dates for your errands should move in like manner. That causes you work more efficiently. 8. Demonstrate (And Improve) Your Content Simply By Knowing Whats Working You definitely know making content just to make content wont assist you with accomplishing your key objectives. You have to know how your substance performs to demonstrate your ROI and gain from what you made. An extraordinary method to know how your substance is performing is through your internet based life shares. This is an extraordinary estimation for progress on the grounds that: Individuals read what they know is well known. Individuals share what they know is mainstream. Individuals buy in to what they know is famous. Utilize your online networking investigation to demonstrate your prosperity and improve your future substance. 9. Use Your Editorial Calendar How It Works Best For You Everybody in your group fills various jobs. Subsequently, it bodes well that theyd all utilization an article schedule like in an unexpected way. Each colleague pick how to utilize (and they can blend and match their inclinations whenever). Your group can utilize : Directly in the post-alter screen in WordPress as they really compose your blog content. As a module in WordPress. As an independent Web application. That does the change to another publication schedule simpler since everybody can pick how theyll utilize the apparatus yet youll all be utilizing a similar device. 10. Get The Security 3,000 Content Marketers Rely On Your IT division investigates each showcasing device you use. Theyll love since it utilizes a similar security innovation most banks use to ensure your data. What's more, our up time is flawless. Simply look at our status log at whatever point youd like to see details on our up times. We will consistently report our up-time status plainly. We take a stab at and accomplish 99.9% up time. We make some full-memories group committed to specialized and front-end support. Youll consistently approach in any event two help specialists during normal business hours, and at any rate one help tech is accessible if the need arises 24 hours per day. As a WordPress.com VIP client, youll get your own need support, as well. What's more, that implies your solicitations will consistently be at the highest point of our daily agenda. Plan Awesome Content And Save A Ton Of Time You put a huge amount of energy into arranging the ideal substance promoting procedure. You need an article schedule that will assist you with executing your procedure consummately. furthermore, WordPress.com VIP will make your procedure a reality.

Getting Traction for Your Books †by Justin Mares

Getting Traction for Your Books - by Justin Mares Getting Footing for Your Books - Interviewing Justin Mares â€Å"Most new businesses don't fall flat at building an item. Most new companies come up short at getting traction.† - Traction BookThe same can be said of books. Most writers don’t fall flat at composing a book, they come up short at finding their perusers and offering the book to them. This is the reason we’ve consistently focused on how writers and new companies are comparative, and how, with regards to advertising, writers can take in al parcel from startups.So today, we chose to bring probably the best startup showcasing exhortation to the Reedsy blog: Justin Mares is the co-writer of the Traction book, a smash hit and genuine reference work for beginning period new businesses arranging their promoting technique. Obviously, the transcript of the most significant purposes of the meeting is given underneath Greetings Justin, it’s truly astonishing to have you on our Reedsy digital broadcast. You’re the co-writer of the Traction Book, which I believe is one of the absolute best showcasing books for new companies. For our audience members who don’t think about it yet, might you be able to rapidly give us the pitch?Sure! So Traction is a book that is there to assist new companies with the crucial step of â€Å"what do you do once you have a product?† The book moves toward how to approach setting up a development procedure, how to make sense of what channels are useful for your business, and afterward has a section on every last one of the 19 â€Å"channels† that we have recognized as ways for a business to procure customers.And you’re now discharging the subsequent version. What’s fascinating is that you independently published the first, and afterward got by Penguin, how’s the experience been?Interesting†¦ Yes, it’s been intriguing. Like anything, there are positives and negatives. On the positive side, the subsequent release is in book shops, it has been expertly altered, it is significantly crisper, we did a pack more cycles and stuff that way, so it’s a great book.On the negative side, things move much more gradually, and you lose a portion of the innovative control that you have when you’re independently publishing a book.So on balance, I think it was the correct choice, we’re extremely content with Portfolio (Penguin), it’s been an incredible encounter working with them, however there unquestionably are a few positives and negatives.That’s truly intriguing, and I can get why, originating from a startup and tech foundation, you would discover customary distributing moderate. Presently, on another note, I like to imagine that creators are somewhat similar to new companies, and that they should move toward promoting similarly we do. Would you concur with that?Def initely. What's more, that’s something we notice in our book: on the off chance that you approach things in an efficient manner - that we talk about in our book-you are undeniably bound to have things work out. What's more, we found that applying that procedure we portray in the book to our own advertising of the book had a similar effect and permitted us to do truly well.And that’s why I ordinarily prescribe writers to peruse the Traction book and utilize the methodology you depict. Presently, only rapidly for our perusers, would you be able to summarize that approach?Sure! So what we talk about is essentially: take a gander at the potential channels (ways) you could showcase the book, and afterward make sense of, in the event that you need to sell, say, 5000 duplicates, which of these channels will permit you to sell that number of duplicates. [Read increasingly about the â€Å"bullseye† approach here] Take a gander at the potential ways you could showcase your book and test the ones that bode well. So for our situation we looked and we stated: â€Å"ok, we think email advertising is going to function admirably, we think doing blog visitor presents is going on function admirably, and we think webcasts will work well†. When we make sense of that, we ran little tests on every one of these three channels. We estimated them and saw that digital recordings and email advertising far beat visitor posting.So then we thought: extraordinary, let’s jump on each potential web recording we can, jump on each potential pamphlet that has a significant email list, and let’s simply center around those as opposed to doing every one of them three with the expectation that one will work (which is the thing that many individuals unfortunately do with regards to marketing).This bodes well. Also, it’s intriguing on the grounds that, as you state, a great deal of creators attempt to do everything at once (online life, pamphlet, publicizing, blog visits, and so forth.) and whe n you do that, you lose center and sit around idly and resources.Exactly. That is to say, there are such huge numbers of things you can do as a creator, as an advertiser or as a businessman to showcase your stuff. The potential outcomes are viably boundless, so what you need to do is make sense of what the best utilization of your time is, and invest however much energy doing that as could be expected. That’s what our methodology successfully attempts to help individuals with: if you’re attempting to sell your book, or develop your organization, center just around the things that truly matter, and overlook everything else. That bodes well. The one thing that makes it somewhat trickier for writers, is that frequently they sell their books through stages like Amazon, iBooks or Kobo, which they don’t control. So how would you do the following for a situation like this, how might you know which â€Å"channels† are bringing you which sales?Great question. This is something that is absolutely a test, it’s difficult. Be that as it may, we found two or three things you can do. For one, we could take a gander at our unpleasant deals rank and see, on the off chance that we dispatch a specific battle today, see what our business rank does.The other thing you can do is set up Amazon associate connections so that on the off chance that somebody advances your book, you can give them a novel member interface that permits you at that point to perceive what number of individuals tapped on the connection and what number of made a buy because of it.That way we had the option to follow the quantity of individuals who purchased through email advancements, through visitor posts, through digital recordings, etc.Yes, we’d heard the subsidiary connection strategy previously (from Mark Dawson), so I’m happy you referenced it. Presently, you had this true to life book that you promoted well overall. On the off chance that you needed to place yourself in the shoes of a fiction creator, which channels would you test first?Hmm, it’s a hard one. I figure essential advertising standards can apply here, and you’ve got the chance to ask yourself the privilege questions.First, who are the individuals who are well on the way to appreciate or reverberate with your book, and where are they hanging out? At that point, how are these individuals getting some answers concerning new fiction books today? What are the top rated outside the box writers in your kind and how could they do their beginning period marketing?I would take a gander at all these things and see what you can imitate and what you can’t.I believe that one thing that is extremely amazing in driving book discoverability today is still verbal. Would you concur with that?Oh unquestionably, I’ve got 150 books on my perusing list that have been prescribed to me†¦So as a writer, what would you be able to do to help energize or launch expression of-mouth?The greatest one is to compose truly the best book that you would ever consider composing. One motivation behind why I think Traction has done truly well is that on the off chance that you are somebody who is chipping away at a startup, I can honestly prescribe that book to you - regardless of whether I wasn’t one of the authors.I had espresso with somebody four hours back and he let me know â€Å"oh better believe it, my companion is running development at this one organization and he said that Traction was a great book, so he offered it to me and now I’m meeting with you†. What's more, that possibly happens when you compose a great book that gets one of the reference works in its category.I think that’s the #1 thing you can accomplish for informal. Something else, things that we’ve done is we’ve embedded little rewards where in the wake of perusing the book, you can go get reward material on the site and once you’re joined to our mailing list we have referral frameworks like â€Å"forward this to a companion and we’ll give you another bonus†. 'To drive verbal, simply compose the best book you would ever consider composing.' @jwmares A debt of gratitude is in order for the bits of knowledge, Justin! What's more, once more, I truly prescribe the Traction book to both startup individuals and writers since it offers a decent methodology and a decent breakdown of the considerable number of channels you can use to sell your books.Follow Justin Mares and Reedsy on Twitter: @jwmares and @ReedsyHQWhat channels have worked for you in your book showcasing exercises? How would you track your endeavors and measure your outcomes? Leave us your considerations, or any inquiries for Justin, in the remarks underneath!

Blog Archive GMAT Impact How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem, Part 3

Blog Archive GMAT Impact How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem, Part 3 With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In  Part 1  of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer Sentence Correction problems, and in  Part 2, we discussed some drills to build the needed skills. Make sure to read both of those before continuing with this third article in the series. Drill Number 3: Find a Starting Point Once again, open up your Official Guide and look at some problems you have done before. This time, do  not  read the original sentence. Instead, cover it up. Compare the answers, and try to articulate all the things that the problem is testing. Note that you can tell  what  is being tested even if you cannot tell  how  to answer. For example, you might see a verb switching back and forth between singular and plural. If the subject is not underlined, then you have no idea which verb form is required, because you literally have not even seen the subject. You do, though, know that subject-verb agreement is at issue. Drill Number 4: Eliminate Answers Once again, this drill involves problems you have already done. (Sensing a pattern?  We learn the most when we are reviewing things we have already done!) This time, though, you are going to get to use the whole problem. Right after you finish a problem, add the following analysis to your review: (1) Why is the right answer right? Why is each of the four wrong answers wrong? (2) How would you justify  eliminating  the right answer? What is the trap that would lead someone to cross this one off? (3) How would you justify  picking  any of the wrong answers? What is the trap that would lead someone to pick a wrong answer? You are probably already doing the first one, but most people skip the second and third steps. The first is important, but you can learn more! When you learn how you (or someone) would fall into the trap of thinking that some wrong answer looks or sounds or feels better than the right one, you will be a  lot  less likely to fall into that same trap yourself in the future. Next Steps Practice these steps until they start to feel like second nature to you. At the same time, of course, learn the grammar rules that we all need to know. Put both pieces together, and you will master sentence correction! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem, Part 3 With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series, Manhattan GMAT’s Stacey Koprince teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In Part 1 of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer sentence correction problems, and in Part 2, we discussed some drills to build the needed skills. Make sure to read both of those before continuing with this third article in the series. Drill Number 3: Find a Starting Point Once again, open up your Official Guide and look at some problems you have done before. This time, do NOT read the original sentence. Instead, cover it up. Compare the answers and try to articulate all the things the problem is testing. Note that you can tell what is being tested even if you cannot tell how to answer. For example, you might see a verb switching back and forth between singular and plural. If the subject is not underlined, then you have no idea which verb form is required, because you literally have not even seen the subject. You do, though, know that subject-verb agreement is at issue. Drill Number 4: Eliminate Answers Once again, this drill involves problems you have already done. (Sensing a pattern? We learn the most when we are reviewing things we have already done!) This time, though, you are going to get to use the whole problem. Right after you finish a problem, add the following analysis to your review: (1) Why is the right answer right? Why is each of the four wrong answers wrong? (2) How would you justify eliminating the right answer? What is the trap that would lead someone to cross this one off? (3) How would you justify picking any of the wrong answers? What is the trap that would lead someone to pick a wrong answer? You are probably already doing the first step, but most people skip the second and third ones. The first is important, but you can learn more! When you learn how you (or someone) would fall into the trap of thinking that some wrong answer looks or sounds or feels better than the right one, you will be a lot less likely to fall into that same trap yourself in future. Next Steps Practice these steps until they start to feel like second nature to you. At the same time, of course, learn the grammar rules that we all need to know. Put both pieces together, and you will master sentence correction! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem, Part 3 When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In the Part 1 of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer sentence correction problems, and in Part 2, we discussed some drills to build the needed skills. Make sure to read both of those before continuing with this third article in the series. Drill Number 3: Find a Starting Point Once again, open up your Official Guide and look at some problems you have done before. This time, do NOT read the original sentence. Instead, cover it up. Compare the answers and try to articulate all the things that the problem is testing. Note that you can tell what is being tested even if you cannot tell how to answer. For example, you might see a verb switching back and forth between singular and plural. If the subject is not underlined, then you have no idea which verb form is required, because you literally have not even seen the subject. You do, though, know that subject-verb agreement is at issue. Drill Number 4: Eliminate Answers Once again, this drill involves problems you have already done. (Sensing a pattern? We learn the most when we are reviewing things we have already done!) This time, though, you are going to get to use the whole problem. Right after you finish a problem, add the following analysis to your review: (1) Why is the right answer right? Why are each of the four wrong answers wrong? (2) How would you justify eliminating the right answer? What is the trap that would lead someone to cross this one off? (3) How would you justify picking any of the wrong answers? What is the trap that would lead someone to pick a wrong answer? You are probably already doing the first one, but most people skip the second and third steps. The first is important, but you can learn more! When you learn how you (or someone) would fall into the trap of thinking that some wrong answer looks or sounds or feels better than the right one, you will be a lot less likely to fall into that same trap yourself in future. Next Steps Practice these steps until they start to feel like second nature to you. At the same time, of course, learn the grammar rules that we all need to know. Put both pieces together, and you will master sentence correction! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem, Part 3 With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In  Part 1  of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer Sentence Correction problems, and in  Part 2, we discussed some drills to build the needed skills. Make sure to read both of those before continuing with this third article in the series. Drill Number 3: Find a Starting Point Once again, open up your Official Guide and look at some problems you have done before. This time, do not read the original sentence. Instead, cover it up. Compare the answers, and try to articulate all the things that the problem is testing. Note that you can tell  what  is being tested even if you cannot tell  how  to answer. For example, you might see a verb switching back and forth between singular and plural. If the subject is not underlined, then you have no idea which verb form is required, because you literally have not even seen the subject. You do, though, know that subject-verb agreement is at issue. Drill Number 4: Eliminate Answers Once again, this drill involves problems you have already done. (Sensing a pattern?  We learn the most when we are reviewing things we have already done!) This time, though, you are going to get to use the whole problem. Right after you finish a problem, add the following analysis to your review: (1) Why is the right answer right? Why is each of the four wrong answers wrong? (2) How would you justify  eliminating  the right answer? What is the trap that would lead someone to cross this one off? (3) How would you justify  picking  any of the wrong answers? What is the trap that would lead someone to pick a wrong answer? You are probably already doing the first one, but most people skip the second and third steps. The first is important, but you can learn more! When you learn how you (or someone) would fall into the trap of thinking that some wrong answer looks or sounds or feels better than the right one, you will be a  lot  less likely to fall into that same trap yourself in the future. Next Steps Practice these steps until they start to feel like second nature to you. At the same time, of course, learn the grammar rules that we all need to know. Put both pieces together, and you will master sentence correction! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem, Part 3 With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In Part 1 of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer Sentence Correction problems, and in Part 2, we discussed some drills to build the needed skills. Make sure to read both of those before continuing with this third article in the series. Drill Number 3: Find a Starting Point Once again, open up your Official Guide and look at some problems you have done before. This time, do NOT read the original sentence. Instead, cover it up. Compare the answers and try to articulate all the things that the problem is testing. Note that you can tell  what  is being tested even if you cannot tell  how  to answer. For example, you might see a verb switching back and forth between singular and plural. If the subject is not underlined, then you have no idea which verb form is required, because you literally have not even seen the subject. You do, though, know that subject-verb agreement is at issue. Drill Number 4: Eliminate Answers Once again, this drill involves problems you have already done. (Sensing a pattern?  We learn the most when we are reviewing things we have already done!) This time, though, you are going to get to use the whole problem. Right after you finish a problem, add the following analysis to your review: (1) Why is the right answer right? Why is each of the four wrong answers wrong? (2) How would you justify  eliminating  the right answer? What is the trap that would lead someone to cross this one off? (3) How would you justify  picking  any of the wrong answers? What is the trap that would lead someone to pick a wrong answer? You are probably already doing the first one, but most people skip the second and third steps. The first is important, but you can learn more! When you learn how you (or someone) would fall into the trap of thinking that some wrong answer looks or sounds or feels better than the right one, you will be a  lot  less likely to fall into that same trap yourself in future. Next Steps Practice these steps until they start to feel like second nature to you. At the same time, of course, learn the grammar rules that we all need to know. Put both pieces together, and you will master sentence correction! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Media And Ethnic Identity Influencing Self Image - 1233 Words

Mass media plays a very huge role in the way in which young black women and adolescents see themselves. The articles within this paper gives into not only how Black women under the age of 40 are affected by mass media, stereotypes perpetrated on how others see and treat young black women, and also how black women look at themselves. This research paper examines the ethnic media and the ethnic identity determining self-image than mainstream media does for young black women. Its seeks ways in which the black community declines stereotypes of color and beauty by increasing the groups of members and providing standards of what it means to be black and beautiful in this world. Much research has been made on the role of how media plays in†¦show more content†¦123). Stereotypically Michelle Obama doesn’t fit some of the the beautiful trait but is considered beautiful within the young black women community. On this inclusion Michelle as an example of black beauty could be that black women and adolescent do not match beauty only on a physical level. Michelle Obama is generally seen as a positive role model in the young black community. She acknowledged has having integrity of her character. The ideal standards of Black beauty were suspended to include Michelle Obama responding to dismissing her beauty due to the fact that she doesn’t the ideal image. Another explanation for this behavior is that this negative portrayal of Black identity caused the Black community to express group loyalty by asserting a stronger group membership (Ellemers, Spears, Doosje, 2002, p.178). During the adolescence, young black girls are developing a racial identity and learning society ideal of beauty is (Duke, 2002, p. 219). These same women, usually in adolescence, are most are risk of developing body image disturbance that may lead to eat disorders such as anorexia and bulimia (Schooler et al., 2004, p. 39). During this stage in their lives, many of them would rather be seen as a teen girl rather than a Black teen (Duke, 2002, p.219). As a women tend to have a different body type than White ideal, which is usually unachievable by many Black women. Even when viewingShow MoreRelatedPlunkitt of Tammany Hall Essay842 Words   |  4 Pages14th October 2012 Media Influence the Identity and culture Over the last few decades, ever since the televisions and computers were invented, self ethnic identities have been influenced because of the progress in technology, which we commonly known as media, and whether the globe benefits from this approach or not has become a controversial issue amongst most of the people in the world. As what survey shows that a dominant group of peoples who tend to believe that identities were being ruined byRead MoreMedia s Influence On Perceptions Of Self1563 Words   |  7 Pages The media plays a significant role in influencing and shaping individuals’ perceptions of self in American society. Additionally, the media plays a key role in how it portrays people of color (POC) and, therefore, in how it affects their perceptions of self and others. It is the way the predominantly white media interacts with POC that reinforces racial stereotypes and systematic oppression that affect their daily lives. In the past two decades, research on media h as supported the â€Å"media’s ideologicalRead MoreMass Media And Its Influence On Consumer Culture1497 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Consumer researchers have recognized that people consume in ways that are consistent with their sense of self (Sirgy, 1982). 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It is ancient human nature to want to belong to or identify with a groupRead MoreResearch Paper on the Effects of Mass Media on the Perfect Body Image1569 Words   |  7 PagesHow can you determine what body image should be? The desire for the perfect body has been prevalent throughout society for a vast majority of time. What makes teenage girls feel the need to strive for this â€Å"perfect body†? Some have asked, â€Å"†¦a rapidly growing body of research addresses the question of whether body perfect ideals in the mass media are a core risk factor for negative body image, particularly in women† (Dittmar, Helga) My hypothesis is â€Å"Does the media influence adolescent girl’s weightRead MoreThe Dangers Of Blaxploitation Films Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pageswords, black filmmakers saw Blaxploitation films as a way to reform African American representation in the media. Even though it is a positive thing that black filmmakers are taking back the power of how they are represented, it should be done in a way that does not show such mature and offensive material to young impressionable audiences. Since the purpose of these films were to reshape the medias view of African Americans, a movies such as Coffy, does not do a good job with positive representationRead MoreThe Crisis Of Poverty And Its Identity2084 Words   |  9 PagesMichael Burlotos Burlotos 1 Professor Sancak-Marusa Writing 205 23 March 2015 The Crisis of Poverty and its Identity Poverty is a huge threat to the social identity and the existence of humanity in the developing world. It poses the threat to stability and peace more than terrorism, bad leadership, and natural disasters (Barrett, 2013). In other words, poverty affects the thinking ofRead MoreThe Prevalence, Etiology, And Treatment Of Eating Disorders2893 Words   |  12 Pages1980). Dissatisfaction with one’s own body a result of the increasingly thin depictions of female body shapes in the mass media has been mainly attributed to the Caucasian young female population (Striegel-Moore, Silberstein, Rodin, 1986). To date, there has been relatively little empirical research investigating the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of eating disorders in ethnic minorities. Additionally, studies investigating the direct link between acculturation of Asian American individuals inRead MoreEffect of Television Media on Body Image in Adolescent Girls Diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa.2866 Words   |  12 PagesEffect of Television Media on Body Image in Adolescent Girls diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa. Research has continually revealed that television media has had an impact on viewers, however, more specifically studies have indicated that the adolescent has been most impacted especially the population that are diagnosed with eating disorders. In particular, this study will examine the adolescent population diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa usually begins with the adolescent experiencingRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War2534 Words   |  11 Pageswe see new conflicts arising in the form of terrorism taking up the new image of wars. So despite the overall commendable decline of wars, wars continue to persevere in certain regions of the world where it is exhibiting new features. As a result, I agree with Joll’s argument that most wars have many intertwining causes especially in this day and era where most of the conflicts and all wars current are as a result of an ethnic clash often linking to religion. (Baylis et al. 2011). These new features

Meaning of Life Essay - 1392 Words

Jermaine Smith Period 7 The True Meaning of Life What is the meaning of life? Well known Greek philosphers such as Socrates and Plato believed that our purpose in this life was to gain knowledge in preparation for the next life. Other Philosophers such as Epicurus believed that pleasure is the main goal in life. After giving these ideas lots of thought, I have come to my own conclusion that the true meaning of life is far more complex than either of these; far too complex for any human to fully comprehend. In fact these two different philosophies are only part of the grand picture. If it were that easy for men to figure out our lives wouldnt be so messed up now. The meaning of life revolves around many different things. I†¦show more content†¦Maybe on a deeper level Socrates might have been talking about analyizing the purpose of ones life. This in my opinion is just as important. I feel that in order for me to succeed in life I have to at least examine the meaning of my being. I believe that it comes to a poin t in every persons life where they sit back and think why am I here? Whether it happens often or not, I wouldnt believe any person of sane health that said they never once thought about it. Socrates also said that the good of life is knowledge. He believed in a higher good in life that could be achieved through an endless search for knowledge. His definition of higher good was when virtue and knowledge united. Although I agree that what Socrates speaks of is an important part of living, I would not go so far as to say it is the reason for liveing. I say this partially because of my definition of knowledge. I see knowledge not as just to be found in the universe, but in a way created by humans not unlike myself. Many things that are classified as knowledge such as: language, mathematics, and history are all human created. Our language was created by people in earlier civilizations, as well as mathematics. History is the story of these early people and civilizations. Shoul d I assume that my reason for living is to learn of someone elses life? If so, what was that persons meaning for living? Undoubtitly these things areShow MoreRelatedMeaning of Life1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Meaning of Life The meaning of life, defined by Victor E. Frankl, is the will to find your meaning in life. It is not the meaning of life in general, but rather the specific meaning of a persons life at a given moment. He believes that if you are approached with the question of what is the meaning of my life or in this case, life is meaningless, then you should reverse the question to that person asking the question. For example: What are you bringing to me? What are you as an individualRead MoreThe Meaning Of Life1639 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences shaped us. The search for the meaning of life gives everyone part of their purpose or reason for existing. It gives us hope and self-satisfaction that we can use our talents to make the world a better place. Meaning and experience are closely related. They focus on living in the moment and questing ideas that surround us. Experiences allow us to take part in the world and to have first-hand emotions that give new perspectives. The meaning of life dire cts our actions to the positive well-beingRead MoreThe Meaning of Life826 Words   |  3 PagesThe meaning of Life? What is the true meaning of your existence in life? What’s the purpose of having life? I researched many peoples view on life and many of them said life was a beautiful thing, and they’re very happy to live their life. Some said they really don’t know why their living or what they are living for. Some didn’t even care at all because they knew they would eventually meet death soon or later, kind of similar to the character named Meursault in the book â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Real Meaning Of Life1511 Words   |  7 Pages The real meaning to life Since the beginning of humankind we have always strived to find answers to everything that has come to exist along in life with us or before us. Even though at any given time Life can throw us obstacles, we may face these moments which sometimes make us wonder why were we placed into this world. I believe as humans we will always hold a desire to try and understand every issue we encounter. Although the world can be a very cruel place to live in and, it can mentally damageRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of Life843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Meaning of Life My few years on this planet have been a bit confusing. I have learned of many aspects of life from which one can draw meaning, if indeed such meaning can be drawn. I have also learned that there can be no singular meaning of life to stand for us all, or even any one of us. What I have learned above all is that trying to put words to the meaning of life is a task of absolute absurdity. This is not to be confused with the idea that life has no meaning, for life certainlyRead MoreMeaning to Life Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesMeaning to Life Is there a meaning to life? First, to clear up any misunderstandings in the next few paragraphs you are about to read, I shall explain a few things. I am not talking about the individual people in our lives, that mean so much to us, or individual lives. That is a whole other matter. What I mean by the meaning of life, is the greater picture. There are people all over the world, doing their own thing, living their own lives, in their own areas. Is there a point to this? TheRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of Life2288 Words   |  10 Pages The Meaning of Life The most difficult thing in life is finding something worth living for. The second most difficult thing is knowing when youve found it...... by Jamie Andreas Okay, lets be light hearted for once. Lets not talk about some heavy subject. Lets pick something more down to earth and fun. How about the meaning of life? Yes, the meaning of life, and the purpose of our lives. Teen-agers (that group of people who are most likely to begin to play the guitar) love to think aboutRead MoreThe True Meaning Of Life1880 Words   |  8 PagesThe true meaning of life comes in many different ways depending on the individual. As we grow older, we begin to contemplate what our true purpose is. For some, it might be the pursuit of love, happiness, or success. The truth is that many times these questions begin to arise when a person comes in close contact with someone that has passed away. A young child or teenager, for the most part, doesn’t think that death is close because our society has created this idea in which older people are depictedRead MoreWhat Is The Meaning Of Life? Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is the Meaning of Life? The topic of life and its meaning has always been an obscure concept. Is life just about being prosperous and getting things done in time as if we are crossing things off a list or is there a deeper meaning to it? Before we go on I would like to ask this, what is the deeper meaning of life for you? This can be a challenging question for some because they might not have thought about this topic and or requires deep amount of discussion in oneself. Everyone will answerRead More Meaning of life Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pages The True Meaning of Life nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is the meaning of life? Well known Greek philosphers such as Socrates and Plato believed that our purpose in this life was to gain knowledge in preparation for the next life. Other Philosophers such as Epicurus believed that pleasure is the main goal in life. After giving these ideas lots of thought, I have come to my own conclusion that the true meaning of life is far more complex than either of these; far too complex for any human

Hamlets Inner and Outer Conflict in Shakespeares Hamlet...

Conflict, in literary context, can be defined as â€Å"the opposition of persons or forces that gives rise to the dramatic action in a drama or fiction.† Conflicts can be external, between two or more persons, or internal, within one’s self. In most literature the conflict adds to the execution of the plot itself. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† makes use of both forms of conflict as an essential element of the play. I will show how â€Å"Hamlet† presents inner and outer conflicts with examples of each and how their resolutions (if any) serve as a major part of the overall play itself. Inner Conflict Over the course of the play Hamlet has a number of ongoing conflicts within himself. These conflicts, in my opinion, serve as Hamlet’s greatest†¦show more content†¦It is this mourning that becomes the foundation of conflicts to come. After an encounter with his father’s ghost, Hamlet learns of his uncle’s treachery and is at first filled with rage, â€Å"Haste me to know’t, that I with wings as swift, as meditation or the thoughts of love, may sweep to my revenge.† (Hamlet aside, Act I, Scene V, p.1651), but it is Hamlet’s struggle with himself that leads to not act upon his words as fast as he had clamed to. Outer Conflict An example of (and the initial) external conflict exists between Hamlet and his uncle and mother. Hamlet, already in mourning, is greatly angered at his mother, Gertrude, queen of Denmark, and his uncle, Claudius, the new king of Denmark, for marrying so shortly after the death of his father. Hamlet does not openly express his discontent towards Gertrude and Claudius at first, though he does make his mourning known â€Å"Seems, madam! nay it is; I know not seems. Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother†¦ These but the trappings and the suits of woe.† (Hamlet to Gertrude, Act I, Scene II, p. 1640), as well other characters, â€Å"I pray thee, do not mock me, fellow-student†¦I think it was to see my mothers wedding. Thrift, thrift, Horatio! the funeral baked meats did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven or ever I had seen that day, Horatio!† (Hamlet to Horatio, Act I, Scene II, p. 1642) ThisShow MoreRelatedHow Does Shakespeare Use Conflict in Hamlet as a Way of Exploring Ideas?2520 Words   |  11 Pagesdoes Shakespeare use conflict in Hamlet as a way of exploring ideas? An individuals response to conditions of internal and external conflict is explored throughout literature. In his play, Hamlet, Shakespeare delves into the themes of appearance versus reality, lies versus deceit, rejection versus self doubt and tragedy, and in doing so attacks the frivolous state of humanity in contemporary society. In order to explore these themes, however, he uses several forms of conflict to project his opinionsRead MoreWinston Smith of George Orwell’s 1984 and Hamlet of Shakespeare’s Hamlet1560 Words   |  7 Pagesexist in classic literature, Winston Smith of George Orwell’s 1984 and Hamlet of William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.† Hamlet is the true classic tragic hero, though, because he is of noble birth, possesses high moral standards, completes the task he is given to better the world, and causes tragedy in both his life and the lives of others. Traditionally, a tragic hero is one who is of noble or high birth. Hamlet himself is a prince while Winston Smith, in respect to the social hierarchyRead MoreThe Journey of the Mind in Shakespeares Hamlet757 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the protagonists of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex and Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, a single truth. While these works of literature are separated by years, each similarly exhibits the archetype of journeys. However, to voyage as these characters have is not simply by knowing the contours of the road they travel, but to trace a profound transformation on an internal level. For unfortunate King Oedipus and a likewise infamous Prince Hamlet, their journeys are not just physical, but of the mindRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1990 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the course of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet†, the character of young Hamlet exemplifies an often puzzling and ambivalent persona. During the play, Hamlet is often co ntradicting of himself. By role-playing, or self-fashioning, Hamlet is able to balance his virtues in order to stay true to himself. This is demonstrated by his decisions to act upon something, as well as his inactions to not act upon something. The obscurity of Hamlet’s mannerisms are displayed within two conflicting personas: one thatRead MoreHamlets Reasons For Not Killing His Uncle, Claudius 1936 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Why did Hamlet take so long to finally kill Claudius?† Many philosophers have dappled into Shakespeare’s most controversial book. Some looking for answers, and trying to find a deeper understanding as to why Hamlet has hesitation towards the murder of Claudius. Ernest Jones’s pounders with many theories to answer this question in his most famous article, The Oedipus-Complex as An Explanation of Hamlets Mystery: A Study in Motive.† Jones begins with playing off Hamlet’s fears, the idea that maybeRead MoreANALIZ TEXT I NTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesprovide direction to the plot, and focus the attention of the reader. Most plots originate in some significant conflict. The conflict may be either external, when the protagonist (also referred to as the focal character) is pitted against some object outside himself, or internal, in which case the issue to be resolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a

Advanced Project Management Education and Environment Teaching

Question: Discuss about the Advanced Project Managementfor Education and Environment Teaching. Answer: Introduction The aims of the project are to promote the institution of education, reduction of consumption of energy and also to modify the quality of education and environment teaching. The project task is to renew the building of educational institute and also to reduce energy consumption. The project has also done to safeguard the health condition, education and learning, provide vocational and general educational school in which the teaching is upgraded. The projects have also provided work for many unemployment public and by upgrading the technical project of the buildings. The substantiating action of energy saving process has been taken by replacement of exterior door and windows, renovation of boiler-house and heating units, the method of upgrading of supply of hot water and heating systems, providing thermal insulation of walls and buildings roofs and the security system of the projects. This is all the parts of the project for development of building in Burwood. https://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/public/mure_pdf/tertiary/LT13.PDF Challenges of LT13 Project The first part of the management LT13 project has a problem with the quality of the area. Through the point of study the project owner the challenge of the area quality, the project manager representatives tend to expand the substance of their period on stewarding to the supervisors. This states that the councils are not focusing on the nearly quality that they must give the focus of it (Programme for the upgrading of educational institutions,2016). By learning the Burwood project of construction of LT13 it was identified that the assurance quality and control quality must operate or manage not by the contractor or any other third party it should be managed by the particular company project manager. It needs to be strong-minded that the particular company must analysis and support job detailed construction to the supplier inferiority plans which the work has been started earlier. If the engineer does not complete the previous work of the construction it needs to be the rework of any other such issue which has been strongly recommended. , once creation has underway, contractors must be run by again that any ground engineers that they use need communicate with the development engineers past to any engineering alterations will be made. It develops what has actually taken place or what the management of the construction has planned (Joseph et al. 2007). It is vital to take down when the project is ongoing. All field engineers and project engineers should be well qualified by professionally and aware with confined codes and standards. Some of the time due to nation change province change to others and other change of standard depends on county or municipality. To start the project the engineer should be correct at the starting. The local codes of familiarity and professional qualification and standard should need to be essential. If the LT13 project company expects the outsource engineer of different project location small education sessions or formal training is ne cessary to confirm that the codes, project procedure, and standards are familiar to the contractor. The second part that most of the project manager are tested in his lifecycle by all the way to have a plan of cost. In some circumstances the project is on the way with misinformation as the project of LT13 is appraisal is complete to be seen poorer that it would be seen it, in reality, to get project approval in final. To maintain the cost of the LT13 project the accounting of the project must need to start from the beginning. There also have a requirement to the project process in tracking in place of any scope of changing and projecting any further cost that may get up due to changing of scope. So, these are all the business challenges that have been managed in constructing the LT13 project. Organizational Structure of Managing In this construction, the project manager has high-level permission to control or to manage the project resources. The project manager has full permission on this project structure that can obtain the needed resources to accomplish the objectives of the project through outside or inside of the organization that has the only the subject of quality and constraints budget that can identify the project. Project manager assigned the report and project directly of the project structure (Rangelova 2015). The manager of the project is liable for the appraisal performance and progression career of all team member LT13 project which leads to increase the loyalty in the work. Comprehensive expert of a line over the LT13 project the labors gives the project manager centralized lines and tough project control which makes rapid improved response and time of reaction. Moreover, project workers are engaged on a select rather than part-time or common basis. The strong identification project sense and ownership are developed by the teams of the project in efforts of deep loyalty to the LT13 project and better understand the activities nature of project, goals or mission. In the project of LT13 limited exist opportunities and sharing of knowledge about the project which is a common grievance between team participants concerning the deficiency of occupation continuity and chances for specialized development. A variation of this wholesome project method is provisionally project-based administrations. This LT13 project organization contains a planning team that dragged together provisionally from their database component and controlled by a manager of a project which is not reported to a unit of the program. The project manager has the full authority and supervision of the project team to make the big project of LT13 (Rangelova 2015). Construction Method The Executive officer of LT13 project Burwood has undertaken the construction method to proceed the project for that approval modification post can occur. To ensure the construction method the key principle of incorporates adequately process is required to study the method of construction. The method of construction is used in the project of LT13 which are (1) be dependable with the principle criteria of design that has been described in the project. (2) Consider chances for modification of the scheme footmark within the safety corridor of the road in functional and engineering cause (Detailed design and construction of the proposed upgrade 2017). (3) Report any uncertain matters connected with the improvement of the conception design as labeled in this ecological assessment and any following proposals report. (4) meet any circumstances of support rising from the ecological calculation endorsement process unless variations to the situations of support are approved subsequently. (5) T he innovation of incorporate opportunities. (6) Escape from sensitive identical environment areas and species which is significant. (7) Impact measure of management has the need to be refined and developed. (8) Properly mature and integrate the design of urban strategy and land has perception development in the ecological valuation. (9) Be steady with ecological principle and sustainable development. These all the types of construction method that are used by the LT13 project to make a sustainable complex which is environment-friendly. Planning Through the results of analyses done the decision has become recommended or apparent subject of the action which can be supported by analyzing completely. SFP will become the essence of this recommendations. By the process to authorize organizationally most managers of the faculty will give the senior management about the recommendations that have few adjustment and negotiation plan and to get funding and final approval plan for which the plan has been proposed. In the organization objectives, the integrating planning to balanced methodology scoreboard is recommended by IFMA. The IFMA recognizes that there are many selected methods by the organization for facility management and business process that conforms to bring up with the line of the methodologies of the organization. There are some of the planning that is in the construction of LT13 in Burwood which are (1) addressed of the primary objective should be documented in SFP, (2) Evaluate costs, sites, zoning, competition, labor a nd all other critical factors that lead to success. (3) Conduct risk and economic analysis to look for getting the high value. (4) Alternatives develop with priorities and recommendations. (5) Develop of marketing recommended process to gain approval of the management. (6) To launch the phase of action other approvals is needed to obtain financial benefits (Roper 2009). It is also essential to note down that if once it is approved it will evolve to continue by SFP and to get a condition of changing inside and outside of the organization. It will give a minor adjustment if the SFP have good flexibility to accommodate. Project Cost Summary Job name: 2275-DDR0 Job Description Client Name: Deakin University Building HC Lecture Theatre LT13 Stage 1 Maintenance Upgrade Works Design Development Cost Plan Rev.0 Trade No Trade description Trade % Cost/m2 Sub Total Mark Up % Trade Total 1 Area 2 Demolition Alterations 3.26 16.30 15000 15000 3 Floor Preparation 2.17 10.87 10000 10000 4 Metal Work 2.39 11.96 11000 11000 5 Carpentry 0.87 4.35 4000 4000 6 Doors, Frames hardware 1.96 9.78 9000 9000 7 Aluminum Screens and Hardware 0.22 1.09 1000 1000 8 Floor Finishing 10.87 54.35 50000 50000 9 Plasterboard 2.61 13.04 12000 12000 10 ceiling 1.30 6.52 6000 6000 11 Acoustic Treatment 2.17 10.87 10000 10000 12 Painting 5.65 28.26 26000 26000 13 Build in fitness 14 Blind graphics 0.27 1.36 1250 1250 15 Electrical servics 8.70 43.48 40000 40000 16 Mechanical services 17 seating 24.14 120.68 11125 11125 18 Scaffold 3.26 16.30 15000 15000 19 Pc sums 0.54 2.72 2500 2500 20 Preliminaries and margin 11.14 55.68 51225 51225 21 Design contingency sum 2.17 10.87 10000 10000 22 Total tender sum 385000 23 Construction contingency sum 5.0% 4.35 21.74 20000 20000 24 Total anticipated construction cost 405000 25 Consultant fees 7.16 38.04 35000 35000 26 Deakin: - minor builder works 1.09 5.43 5000 5000 27 Deakin: - infrastructure ITS 28 Deakin: - security 0.54 2.72 2500 2500 29 other 0.54 2.72 2500 2500 30 Project contingency sum 2.17 10.87 10000 10000 31 Total project sum 460000 32 exclusion GFA:920m2 100.00 500.00 460000 460000 Conclusion Through this study, it has been briefly understood that the construction project of LT13 in Burwood had helped the locality people in their livelihood. The main theme of the project is to make a better welfare for the people of Burwood. The project includes the educational facility, new method of study, a safeguard of health and household activities using benefits. The operational manager of LT13 project and its team had done a great job through the safe authority of the government that the people of Burwood are living a comfortable life. Through the constructing method planning and after the construction it has clear that the project like LT13 had given a good and better opportunities life to the Burwood people and to their future. References Amalraj, J., Hernani, C., Ladouceur, K., Verma, A. (2007). Challenges Lessons Learned.Project Management:. n.d.Retrieved from https://www.beg.utexas.edu/energyecon/ua_2007/AB_Project_Mgt_challenges.pdf (2017). Detailed design and construction of the proposed upgrade.Tintenbar to Ewingsdale Upgrade. n.d.Retrieved from https://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/documents/projects/northern-nsw/tintenbar-to-ewingsdale/tintenbar-6-detailed-design-and-construction.pdf (2016). Programme for the upgrading of educational institutions.Measures-odyssee-mure. Retrieved from https://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/public/mure_pdf/tertiary/LT13.PDF Rangelova, F. (2015). BASIC ASPECTS OF ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT.BULTEST STANDARD LTD. n.d.Retrieved from https://uacg.bg/filebank/att_8857.pdf Rangelova, F. (2015). BASIC ASPECTS OF ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT.BULTEST STANDARD LTD. n.d.Retrieved from https://uacg.bg/filebank/att_8857.pdf Roper, K. (2009). Strategic Facility Planning.International Facility Management Association. n.d.Retrieved from https://www.ifma.org/docs/default-source/knowledge-base/sfp_whitepaper.pdf

White Oleander by Janet Fitch Essay Example For Students

White Oleander by Janet Fitch Essay â€Å"Without my wounds who was I?My scars were my face, my past was my life.† In White Oleander by Janet Fitch,the above quote perfectly describes the confusion of the main character who is desperately trying to figure out who she is in a world that has seemingly forgotten her. The main theme of this book is self-discovery. The main character, Astrid Magnussen is trying to discover herself in extreme circumstances. She is trying to survive in a world that she feels has forgotten her. She has to figure out who she is while remembering who she was. She is trying to find a place where she belongs. This story is about a girl named Astrid Magnussen. Her poet mother goes to jail after murdering her ex-boyfriend Barry Kolter. Astrid is forced into the strange new world of foster care. She is never sure how long she is going to be in each home and never sure what to expect. In each place she finds different families with new problems and different beliefs that she has previously experienced. She is shifted from place to place and family to family while learning important lessons from each place and learning to cope with all of the damage her mother’s beliefs has done to her life. Her mother can be a very cruel person. She is very possessive about Astrid and doesn’t want anyone else to get close to her and take her away. While in jail the words from her mother prove very damaging to Astrid. Her mother seems to be pleased when Astrid is unhappy. Astrid needs to learn who she is and how to make peace with her mother. She goes from place to place searching for an identity , searching for her past, and searching for the truth. We will write a custom essay on White Oleander by Janet Fitch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Believability is one of the best aspects of the book. The characters seem like they could very easily be real people with real emotions. Each one has problems that are commonly seen in today’s world. Marvel ,one of the foster mothers, is a judgmental racist. Claire, Astrid’s favorite foster mother, is in a marriage that makes her depressed, paranoid, and suicidal. Starr, the first foster mother, is a hypocrite. She goes to church every Sunday and talks about how great God is yet she is having an affair with a married man. These situations can be found just about anywhere in today’s society. The character shave real problems that people in the real world are forced to deal with everyday. Fitch uses language that is absolutely perfect for the individual circumstances. Each different place has it’s own atmosphere and each different atmosphere and living in each atmosphere are people with different accents. She writes each different accent in a way that makes the reader believe what they are reading. The imagery used is beautiful. Each different house is frequently described by the flowers and wildlife surrounding it. The apartment Astrid shared with her mother was surrounded by Oleanders ,a devastatingly beautiful yet deadly flower which Ingrid used in the poison. All of Astrid’s favorite people had gorgeous flowers surrounding them. Smells were also a very important way to describe people. Astrid’s favorite people also had very specific smells. Starr’s boyfriend Ray, who Astrid ended up having an affair with and loved very much, was always described as smelling like dope. Marvel’s black prostitute neighbor, who Astrid became good fri ends with, smelled like a perfume called Ma Griffe. Astrid’s mother smelled like violets. Claire smelled like L’Air du Temps. Music was another important way of describing people and situations. When some one over at Olivia’s there was always specific music. She listened to the older black singers like Billie Holiday. Rena, the last foster mother listened to classic 70’s rock like The Who, The Grateful Dead, and The Rollingstones. The music that everyone listened to went hand in hand with the kind of person they were. .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 , .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .postImageUrl , .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 , .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78:hover , .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78:visited , .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78:active { border:0!important; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78:active , .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78 .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubffafa2e5bc5330abc40fb8101015f78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diary of A Teenage Girl. Becoming Me EssayWhite Oleander was easy to read in the sense that I could understand all the words and it wasn’t about concepts that are beyond me like brain surgery or rocket science. However from an emotional standpoint, it was difficult top keep reading sometimes. Occasionally I had to put the book down and dry my eyes before I could continue reading. I loved the book because it was about life. It is an easy book to relate to. Anyone who cares about some one else can relate to and fall in love with this book.

Aragorn Depicted as a Type of Christ Essay Example

Aragorn Depicted as a Type of Christ Essay Example Aragorn Depicted as a Type of Christ Paper Aragorn Depicted as a Type of Christ Paper bring healing to His people, and take His rignttul place as King. Jesus demonstrates his power over death whenever he raises from the dead; although Aragorn does not technically come back from death, he symbolically overcomes death when he travels through the Paths of the Dead. This path is representative of an underworld, and when Aragorn emerges from the path alive, he shows his dominion over death and fulfills the prophecies foretelling his Journey. After his arrival at Minas Tirith, Aragorn is vividly depicted as a type of Christ as he heals the wounded people in the city. When he does this, loreth recalls the prophecy that The hands of the king are the hands of a healer, and so shall the rightful king be known. (Return of the King 1149) Therefore, as Aragorn fulfills the prophecy of healing the people in Minas Tirith, he also confirms that he is the heir the throne of Gondor, which he assumes after the ring is destroyed. In Lord of the Rings, Aragorn resembles Christ in his natural leadership, strength f will, and fulfillment of ancient prophecies. Like Jesus when he leads his disciples and followers, Aragorn is a respected leader, in whom all of his followers have complete trust. Aragorn also possesses an unworldly strength of will, similar to that of Jesus, which allows him to resist great evil and even subdue the Palantir to his will. Finally, Aragorns life is a fulfillment of ancient prophecies that foretell of his overcoming death, bringing healing to his people, and taking his rightful place as the King of Gondor. Aragorns portrayal in this epic battle against evil depicts him as being Middle-Earths ultimate Savior, Just as Christ is our Savior. Tolkien, J. R. R. The Fellowship of the Ring: Being the First Part of The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993. Print. Tolkien, J. R. R. The Two Towers; Being the Second Part of The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965. Print. Tolkien, J. R. R. The Return of the King: Being the Third Part of The Lord of the Rings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965. Print.

Apocalypse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apocalypse - Essay Example The film has its direction of Edgar Wright. The story is about a man who is attempting to get focus on his life and deal with a bigger issue of dealing with the rising of the Zombie Apocalypse. The film depicts the current cultural phenomenon in Hollywood and around the world as we will see when comparing and contrasting the two films. The antagonists in both the "Blade Runner" and "Shaun of the Dead" depict human-like characteristic in their physical form but are still monsters. The stories are science fiction that depicts the robot apocalypse and a zombie apocalypse. They are both set in the future. The changes that modernity brought into the world and advancement in technology is what led to the making of the two films. "Shaun of the Dead" shows anxiety through the spread of viral capitalism around the world. The zombie apocalypse leads to denial of the people to ever go back to normalcy (Wright, 2004). "Blade Runner" also has a form of denial when the cooperations that comes up with replicants who do not want to go back to humans. It is because the replicants are more human than human beings (Scott, 1982). It shows how the future people are satisfied with the apocalypse of either zombies or genetically engineered replicants. There is a fear among the human race about a possible apocalypse as we see the making of the two films. The human beings in both films defend themselves from the unwanted creatures that have invaded the earth. â€Å"Shaun from the dead† has the people from the bar defend themselves after the return of the zombies to haunt them. The zombies feed on human beings thus the rise of the zombies means the end of the human population (Wright, 2004). The replicants from â€Å"Blade Runner† are also created to finish the human population as they are superior to human beings. The humans must, therefore, fight against the robots before the monsters lead to their end. We see the fight between human beings and the replicants from the film (Scott,

A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest J. Gaines Essay

A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest J. Gaines - Essay Example A Gathering of Old Men occurs in Marshall Plantation situated in Bayonne Louisiana. The gathering is brought about by the revelations that Beau Baton, the plantations’ work boss, has been brutally murdered at the initial stages of the novel. As a result, she acts quickly and invites everyone staying within the precincts of the plantation. After Miss Merle’s arrival, Candy confesses to her that she was the one who had killed Beau. Merle does not believe her, and together, they decide to bring local men together with their shotguns so that they make it difficult for Sherriff Mapes to solve the crime. All the men arrive with their shotguns and are willing to co-operate. As anticipated, Sheriff Mapes arrive to investigate the crime. The first two people he summons both confess to have commite the crime. Moving to the next person, the sheriff questions Reverend Jameson. The Reverend keeps mum and does not answer him anything. Overwhelmed by anger, the sheriff punches him so hard that he falls to the ground (Gaines 80). The other men watching the scenario reacts to the sheriff’s action and lines up to be slapped too. The sheriff is so amazed by this sense of solidarity and their readiness to confess. He stops questioning them. Charlie’s absence from the men present in Mathu’s homestead is noticeable. This is because he was the one working closely with Beau. However, the sheriff does not pay much attention to his absenteeism since he views him as a weak individual who can not harm any one. His main suspect is Mathu since he has always openly demonstrated his hatred towards the local whites. Therefore, the sheriff believes that Mathu is the only one who can commit the murder (Gillis). On the contrary, he can not make any arrests since he does not have any evidence that links anyone to the murder. Furthermore, more black men come out to confess killing Beau. They claim that they were retaliating the killing of their son for a crime he did not commit, raping of their sisters and the killing of their brothers for no reason. Mapes is compelled to stay at the crime scene since he is confident that Fix, a white man known for lynching blacks will come with his men to avenge Beau’s death (Bryan). As the sheriff, he is bound to stay to maintain law and order. The sheriff strong belief that Mathu could be the murderer prompts him to arrest Mathu. However, before taking him away, Charlie comes to the picture. He confesses that he was the one who killed Beau (Gaines 110). He explains himself that he committed the crime after being threatened by Beau. He also revealed that he had convinced Mathu to take the blame before fleeing. However, he asserts that he had come back to speak the truth and take responsibility of his actions. After revealing his confession, Charlie is arrested by the sheriff. Before they leave Mathu’s compound to the police station, Luke Will and his group of whites arrive demanding Charlie t o be handed over to them for lynching (Attaining manhood). Mapes refuses and they shoot him. On seeing this, the black men immediately withdraw their shot guns and a gruesome battle ensues. The white men did not expect this retaliation and one of them is slightly injured (Attaining manhood). The primary battle takes place between Luke Will and Charlie. The two men strongly fight to finish one another. Eventually, Charlie shoots Luke Will before he is shot. He dies a hero and everyone in the area pays tribute to his dead body. On the other hand, all the individuals involved in the shootout are charged in a court of law and given five years probation each. Analysis The novel, A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest Gaines brings out many themes and various

Cells Breaks the Tor’s Anonymity: Onion Router

Cells Breaks the Tor’s Anonymity: Onion Router Ms. S.SIVARANJANI Ms. R.BACKIYALAKSHMI B.E, M.Tech., Abstract To hide the communication of users, the anonymity systems pack the application data into equal – sized cells. The size of IP packets in the Tor network can be very dynamic and the IP layer may be repack cells. A new cell-counting attack against Tor allows the attacker to confirm anonymous communication relationship among users very quickly. By varying the number of cells in the target traffic at the malicious exit onion router, the attacker can embed a secrete signal into variation of cell counter of the target traffic and it will be carried and arrive at the malicious entry onion router. Then an accomplice of the attacker will detect the signal based on received cells and confirm the communication among the users. There are several features of this attack. First, it is highly efficient and confirms very short communication session with only tens of cells. Second, this attack is effective and detection rate approaches 100% with a very low false positive rate. Third, it is possible to implement the attack in a way that appears to be very difficult for honest participants to detect. Keywords Anonymity, cell counting, mix networks, signal, Tor. INTRODUCTION Anonymity has become a necessary and legitimate aim in many applications. Here the encryption alone cannot maintain the anonymity required by users. Generally speaking, mix techniques can be used for either message-based or flow-based anonymity applications. Research on flow-based anonymity applications has recently received great attention in order to preserve anonymity in low-latency applications, including Web browsing and peer-to-peer file sharing. To degrade the anonymity service provided by anonymous communication systems, traffic analysis attacks have been used. The Existing traffic analysis attacks can be categorized into two types: passive traffic analysis and active watermarking techniques. The active watermarking technique has recently received much attention to improve the accuracy of attack. In this technique is to actively introduce special signals into the sender’s outbound traffic with the intention of recognizing the embedded signal at the receiver’s inbound traffic. The core contribution of the paper is a new cell counting based attack against Tor network. This attack confirms anonymous communication relationship among users accurately and quickly and it is difficult to detect. The attacker at the exit onion router detects the data transmitted to a destination and then determines whether the data is relay cell or control cell in Tor. After excluding control cells, manipulate the number of relay cells in the circuit queue and flushes out all cells in the circuit queue. This way the attacker can embed a signal into the variation of cell count during a short period in the target traffic. To recover the embedded signal, the attacker at the entry onion router detects and excludes the control cells, record the number of relay cells in the circuit queue and recover the embedded signal. The main features of cell-counting based attack are: (1) This attack is highly efficient and can quickly confirm very short anonymous communication sessions with tens of cells. (2) It is effective and detection rate approaches 100 % with very low false positive rate. (3) It makes difficult for others to detect the presence of the embedded signal. The Time – hopping based signal embedding technique makes the attack even harder to detect. SYSTEM ARCHITECURE There are two types of cells: Control cell and Relay cell. The CELL_CREATE or CELL_CREATED used for setting up a new circuit. CELL_DESTROY used for releasing a circuit. Relay cell is used to carry TCP stream data from client to bob. Some of the relay commands are: RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN, RELAY_COMMAND_END, RELAY_COMMAND_ DATA, RELAY_COMMAND_SENDME, and RELAY_ COMMAND_DROP. The Onion router (OR) maintains the TLS connection to other OR. Onion proxy (OP) uses source routing and chooses several ORs from cached directory. OP establishes circuit across the Tor network and negotiates a symmetric key with each OR, one hop at a time, as well as handle TCP stream from client application. The OR on other side of circuit connects to the requested destination and relay the data. The OP will sets up TLS connection with OR1 using protocol, through this connection , OP sends CELL_CREATE cell and uses Diffie-Hellman (DH) handshake protocol to negotiate a base key k1=gxy with OR1. Form this key; a forward symmetric key kf1 and backward key kb1 are produced. This way first hop circuit C1 is created. Similarly OP extends the circuit to second and third hop. After circuit is setup, OP sends a RELAY_COMMAND_BEGIN cell to the exit onion router and cell is encrypted as {{{Begin}kf3}kf2}kf1. While the cell traverses through circuit each time the layer of onion skin are removed one by one. At last the OR3 last skin is removed by decryption then it open a TCP stream to a port at the destination IP, which belongs to bob. The OR3 sets up a TCP connection with bob and sends a RELAY_COMMAND_CONNECTED cell back to Alice’s OP. Then the client can download the file. PROCESSING CELL AT ONION ROUTER The TCP data is received by OR from port A and it is processed by TCP and TLS protocols. Then the processed data is delivered to the TLS buffer. The read event is called to read and process the data pending in the TLS buffer. This read event will pull the data from TLS buffer into the input buffer. Then the read event process cells from input buffer one by one. Each OR has routing table which maintains map from source connection and circuit ID to destination connection and circuit ID. The transmission direction of the cell can be determined by the read event. To append the cell to the destination circuit the corresponding symmetric key is used to decrypt / encrypt the payload of the cell, replace the present circuit ID with destination circuit ID. The cell can be written directly for the destination connection if there is no data waiting in output buffer and the write event is added to the event queue. After calling the write event, the data is flushed to TLS buffer of destination. Then write event pull as many cells as possible from circuit to output buffer and add write event to event queue. The next write event carry on flushing data to output buffer and pull cells to output buffer else the cell queued in circuit queue can be delivered to network via port B by calling write event twice. Fig. 2Processing the cells at Onion router CELL – COUNTING BASED ATTACK The IP packets in Tor network is very dynamic and based on this the cell – counting based attack implemented. Dynamic IP packets over Tor : The application data will be packed into equal sized cells (512-B). While the packets transmitted over the Tor network it is dynamic. Because of this reason the size of packets from sender to receiver is random over time and large numbers of packets have varied in sizes. The main reason for this is the varied performance of OR cause cells not to be promptly processed and also if network is congested, cells will not delivered on time, because of this the cell will merge and non-MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit) sized packets will show up. Work-flow of Cell – Counting based attack: Step 1: SELECTING THE TARGET :- The attacker log the information at the exit OR, including the server host IP address and port for a circuit and circuit ID and uses CELL – RELAY-DATA to transmit the data stream. Step 2: ENCODING THE SIGNAL :- Until the write event is called the CELL – RELAY – DATA will be waited in the circuit queue. After the write event is called then the cells are flushed into output buffer. Hence the attacker can manipulate the number of cells flushed to the output buffer all together. This way the attacker can able to embed the secret signal. To encode bit 1, the attacker can flushes three cells from circuit queue and for bit 0, flushes one cell from circuit queue. Step 3: RECORDING PACKETS :- After the signal is embedded in the target traffic it will be transmitted to the entry OR along with target traffic. The attacker at the entry OR will record the received cells and related information and need to determine whether the received cells are CELL – RELAY – DATA cells. Step 4: RECOGNIZING THE EMBEDDED SIGNAL :- The attacker enters the phase of recognizing the embedded signal with the recorded cells. For this used the recovery mechanisms. Once the original signal is identified the attacker can link the communication between Alice and Bob. There are two critical issues related to attack: (1) Encoding signals at exit OR: Two cells are not enough to encode â€Å"1† bit. Because if the attacker uses two cells to encode bit â€Å"1† then it will be easily distorted over network and also hard to recover. When the two cells arrive at the input buffer at the middle OR, the first cell will be pulled into circuit queue and then if the output buffer is empty, the first cell will be flushed into it. Then the second cell will be pulled to the circuit queue. Since the output buffer is not empty, the second cell stays in the circuit queue. When the write event is called, the first cell will be delivered to the network, while the second cell written to the output buffer and wait for the next write event. Consequently, two originally combined cells will be split into two separate cells at the middle router. So the attacker at the entry OR will observe two separate cells arriving at the circuit queue. This cells will be d ecoded as two â€Å"0† bits, leading the attacker to a wrong detection of the signal. To deal with this issue the attacker should choose at least three cells for carrying bit â€Å"1†. For transmitting cells, proper delay interval should be selected: If the delay interval among the cells is too large, users are not able to tolerate the slow traffic and to transmit the data will choose another circuit. When this condition happens the attack will fail. And if the delay interval is too small, then it will increase the chance that cells may combined at middle OR. (2) Decoding signals at the entry OR: Distortion of signal: Anyway the combination and division of the cells will happen due to unpredictable network delay and congestion. This will cause the embedded signal to be distorted and the probability of recognizing the embedded signal will be reduced. Because of this distortion of the signal, a recovery mechanism can be used, that recognize the embedded signal. The combination and division of cell can be categorized into four types: (1) Two types of the cell division for the unit of the signal and (2) Two types of the cell combination for different units of signal. To deal with these types of division and combination types of the cells the recovery algorithm can be used. If the number of cells recorded in the circuit queue is smaller than the number of the original signal are recovered as either two types of cell division for the unit of the signal. Suppose the number of cells recorded in the circuit queue is larger than the number of cells for carrying the signal; the recovered signal will be either two of the cell combination for different units of signal. When the signals are recovered in these types with k ≠¤ 2, can consider that these signals are successfully identified otherwise cannot be identified. Attack Delectability: To improve the attack invisibility can adopt the time-hopping-based signal embedding technique, which can reduce the probability of interception and recognition. The principle of this technique is, there exit random intervals between signal bits. At the exit OR, the duration of those intervals are varied according to a pseudorandom control code which is known to only the attackers. To recover this signal, the attacker at the entry OR can use the same secret control code to position the signal bits and recover the whole signal. If the interval between the bits is large enough, the inserted signal bits appear sparse within the target traffic and it is difficult to determine whether groups of cells are caused by network dynamics or intention. Therefore the secret signal embedded into the target traffic is no different than the noise. And when a malicious entry node has confirmed the communication relationship, it can separate the group of cells by adding delay betw een the cells so that not even the client can observe the embedded signal. In this paper a signal is embedded into the target traffic, which implies a secrete sequence of groups of one and three cells. With the time-hopping technique, groups of one and three cells are separated by random intervals and it is hard to differentiate them from those caused by network dynamics and since the embedded signal is very short and only known to attacker, can conclude that it is very difficult to distinguish traffic with embedded signals from normal traffic based on this very short secret sequence of cell groups. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK In this paper, we presented a cell-counting based attack against Tor network. This can confirm the anonymous communication among the user quickly and accurately and it is very difficult to detect. The attacker at the exit OR manipulates the transmission of cells from the target TCP stream and embeds a secret signal into the cell counter variation of the TCP stream. Then the attacker at the entry OR recognizes the embedded signal using developed recovery algorithms and links the communication relationship among the users. In this attack the detection rate is monotonously increasing function with the delay interval and decreasing function of the variance of one way transmission delay along a circuit. This attack could drastically and quickly degrade the anonymity service that Tor provides. Due to the fundamental design of the Tor network, defending against this attack remains a very challenging task that we will investigate in future work. REFERENCES [1] W. Yu, X. Fu, S. Graham, D. Xuan, and W. Zhao, â€Å"DSSS-based à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow marking technique for invisible traceback,† in Proc. IEEE SP,May 2007, pp. 18–32. [2] N. B. Amir Houmansadr and N. Kiyavash, â€Å"RAINBOW: A robust and invisible non-blind watermark for network à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ows,† in Proc.16thNDSS, Feb. 2009, pp. 1–13. [3] V. Shmatikov and M.-H. Wang, â€Å"Timing analysis in low-latency MIX networks: Attacks and defenses,† in Proc. ESORICS, 2006, pp. 18–31. [4] V. Fusenig, E. Staab, U. Sorger, and T. Engel, â€Å"Slotted packet counting attacks on anonymity protocols,† in Proc. AISC, 2009, pp. 53–60. [5] X. Wang, S. Chen, and S. Jajodia, â€Å"Tracking anonymous peer-to-peer VoIP calls on the internet,† in Proc. 12th ACM CCS, Nov. 2005, pp.81–91. [6] K. Bauer, D. McCoy, D. Grunwald, T. Kohno, and D. Sicker, â€Å"Lowresource routing attacks against anonymous systems,† Univ. Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, Tech. Rep., Aug. 2007. [7] X. Fu, Z. Ling, J. Luo, W. Yu, W. Jia, and W. Zhao, â€Å"One cell is enough to break Tor’s anonymity,† in Proc. Black Hat DC,Feb.2009[Online]. Available: http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-dc-09/Fu/ BlackHat-DC-09-Fu-Break-Tors-Anonymity.pdf [8] R. Dingledine, N. Mathewson, and P. Syverson, â€Å"Tor: Anonymity online,† 2008 [Online]. Available: http://tor.eff.org/index.html.en [9] R. Dingledine and N. Mathewson, â€Å"Tor protocol specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation,†2008 [Online]. Available: https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git?a=blob_plain;hb=HEAD;f=tor-spec.txt [10] J. Reardon, â€Å"Improving Tor using a TCP-over-DTLS tunnel,† Master’s thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Sep. 2008. Project management example: The London Eye Project management example: The London Eye Introduction Generally, the definitions of project management have diversities, but in commonly project management is used to accomplish business ambition, strategies and well-defined work tasks within a certain schedule and limit budget (Sabin, 2006). The project management required skill, experience, processes, methods and knowledge in order to complete the objectives of the project (Association for Project Management, 2014). Most strategists succeed in these days with high competitive and fusing global economy are mostly using the project management techniques to deliver substantial quality of business results within limited time and budget (Project Management Institute, 2014). Jamieson Morris (2004) support that project management is a key factor in business process. Even in many definitions of project management, the fundamental is about attaining the jobs done. The London Eye is the huge project that was designed by architectures David Marks and Julia Barfield, its purpose to represent modern architectural design and engineering of the first of the millennium century (Tim and Ian, 2000). The London eye was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world by height 135 meters, after success, with Star of Nanchang in 2006, Singapore Flyer in 2008 and High Roller in 2014 in order. The construction of London Eye used 16 months to finish in order to celebrated of the year 2000, London Eye also knows as the Millennium Wheel. In the first year of operation, number of visitors approximately was 3.2 millions, hence this becomes more popular of attracting visitors in the United Kingdom. The production cost of the London Eye is 75 million pounds and took 50 percent of time less than normal to finish the project (Marks Barfield, 2014). This makes London Eye is one of the most interested project to measure and examined in the process of project management. A project must have three variables that can estimate certain time of the project, limited by budget and meet quality requirement (Lester, 2007). Characteristics in process of construction London Eye can be evaluated as the project, because of the constrains from budget and time, no repetition of construction, requirement of a variety of skill and experience expertise involve. From all of these characteristics summarize that the London Eye is classified as a project. The scope of this paper study is to investigate two aspects, which are stakeholders management, project planning and scheduling that make London Eye become a successful project. However, it is essentially that we have to understand the background of the project first, in order to understand the process. London Eye’s Characteristics Since 2000, the London Eye has become one of the iconic landmarks of London. The concept of London Eyes was introduced in 1993 by the architecture name Marks Barfield. His design of Ferris wheel submitted to the Architecture Foundation competition in order to build to celebrate the millennium year. In 1994, British Airways interest to become a sponsor of the project. In 1996, the permission of the project was successfully made by the agreement of shareholders as the result, Tussauds Group was joined as the last partner. The London Eye was constructed before the year 2000 only 16 months (The British Broadcasting Corporation, 2005). More that 5 different oversea companies worked to build London Eyes and it took 7 years till it was open. The formal opening ceremony on 31, December 1991 and follow by public open on 9, March 2000. The Iron Triangle Figure1: Iron triangle of London Eye project The Iron Triangle is the traditional technique for evaluating project performance, which have three variables; time, cost and scope that try to balance each others (Atkinson, 1999; Gardiner and Stewart, 2000). If one of the three variables is changed, it will affect one of the others too. For example; if stakeholders want less time of construction, they need to increase the budget or reduce the scope (Gregory, 2006). In (Figure1) shows The Iron Triangle of London Eye project follow by time, cost and scope. The London Eye used only 16 months in order to finish the construction process, in order to celebrate millennium century, that is 50 percent less than normal process. The cost of construction of London Eye was 75 million pounds higher than average cost of normal construction. But the cost of building was not issued to be a problem because the main purpose of this is to open on time and to be the biggest Ferris wheel in the world (London Eye, 2014). To understand the key elements of project management, such as stakeholders management, project planning and scheduling which are the factors to push the London Eye finished on time. The Author will illustrate and explain two of variables in further. Stakeholders Management According to, Freeman and Reed (1983) has given a definition of stakeholder is someone that â€Å"can affect the achievement of an organizations objectives or is affected by the achievement of an organization’s objectives†. Bourne and Walker (2004) suggest that even a project manager was able to deliver the project with the original scope, cost and time, but without the attention of stockholders, a project might probably not be able to success. The conflict in stakeholders must be managed, because it might lead to projects fail (Bourne and Walker, 2005). A stakeholder can be any individual, institution or organization that involves the interaction with the project or business. The stakeholder might effect from project, both direct and indirect, and can be occasional or ordinary contact with the project (Paul, 2013). Identify who are the stakeholders and understand the role of them must be done. London Eye project have many stakeholders who are investing in the project. But the key stakeholders of the project, who have the potential to support and facilitate the project can clearly identify. David Marks and Julia Barfield, who invented the idea of the wheel in 1990 were a press campaign to support the concept. Bob Ayling, Chief Executive of British Airway in that period offered financial and corporate support to this project. In 1997, Tussauds Group was brought into the position of the operator. The London Eye Company Limited, were owned by three owner separate in equal shard. David Marks and Julia Barfield owned one third, The Tussauds Group also owned one third and lastly one third owned by British Airways, who was the leading support during the development phase. Government didn’t support the project, except the construction of new pier, in purpose to protect collision of the wheel. For financing purpose of the London Eye project was provided by Sumitomo Bank and Westdeutsche Landesbank (Tim and Ian, 2000). Mace is the UK’s leading company on the project management, as appointed to be Project Managers in 1998. Seven groups of contractors were chosen to project, they were responsible for building and design as follows: Tilbury Douglas Construction Ltd for Foundations, Civil works and Pier structure, Hollandia BV for Wheel Structure, Pomagalski SA for Capsules and Controls, T Clarke PLC for Electrical Installations, Littlehampton Welding Limited for Boarding Platform and Pier Finishes, Waterers Landscape PLC for Landscaping and Alandale Construction Limited for County Hall Fit-Out (Tim and Ian, 2000). From this we can identify stakeholder as two types; internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholder can be people who involve in part of the business for example; shareholders, managers and employees. External stakeholders are the people who outside the business such as customers, local community, suppliers, press and government (The British Broadcasting Corporation, 2014). Figure2: Stakeholders Web and Internal External Stakeholder From the figure2 above, researcher attempt to explain the understanding of the internal and external stakeholders of The London Eye by using The Stakeholder Web describe. From internal stakeholders, Shareholders can be British Airways, David Marks Julia Barfield and Tussaudes Group that interested in dividends and growth of shares. Managers and employees are interested in salaries and job security. From external stakeholders, suppliers concerned in delivering services and finished project on time. Government, Tourists, Londoner and also including people around the South Bank area are impacted from the project such as the project might effects to new businesses that can take benefits from London Eye such as bars and restaurants. Traffic around the London Eye maybe influenced because increasing of tourists. All of these influencers can become stakeholders of the project. Stakeholders have different of interests, to manage this conflict it’s necessary to understand the types of stakeholders and what can influence their behavior. By classifying the different groups of stakeholders, using stakeholder power and interest matrix, to organize based on the level of power and interest. Stakeholder classification of power and interest matrix map will make groups of stakeholders easier to understand. Stakeholders can be classified in two big dimensions, of power and interest (Newcombe, 2003; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). The basic concept is who have high power and high interest will be the key players and also need to manage it. Figure3: London Eye stakeholder power and interest matrix From the figure 3 shows that London Eye project stakeholders were classified by level of interest and power. The key players in this case can be British Airway who is supporting the financial and able to control the project. Bank and financial institutions such as Sumitomo Bank and Westdeutsche Landesbank, that provided financial loan. Press and local community didn’t have power, but the project directly effects to their living or career. Same as the government, they didn’t provide the financial support but able to collect taxes from the project. Customers and Londoner can be in the group of minimal effort. The success of The London Eye project definitely involved with the stakeholder management. The well understanding in position and its roll are significant to make this project completed. However, it is not only stakeholder management, variable that leads to the success of the project. Many factors that involved included planning and scheduling of the project also are the important variables. Project Planning and Scheduling Project management planning is one of the important variables that required lists of time, quality and cost. Project management planning depends on types and sizes of project (Lester, 2007). The role of project management can separate into three main areas; 1) It can handle the operational requirement to meet the customer satisfaction, 2) The project must be completed on time and 3) Control and delivery the job on the previous set of constrains budget. Good project planning will lead to success according to these three goals. For more understanding of London Eye planning, researchers will apply Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is the technique for controlling and planning project. Secondly Gantt chart technique will also use to explain in this project. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) To organize the structure of the project, Work Breaking Structure assists the work process. It is similar to the outline of the book or report. WBS is the brief version of work structure that help to perform and focus on plan, track and evaluate of the project (Gregory, 2006). According to the diagram, it consists of three benefits of using WBS, First, WBS are easier to evaluate the cost and time of work. Second, it is easy to break down the work into the small tasks and makes it easier to measure the progress. Third, it eases the separation of the tasks into the team member. Moreover, WBS contains two kinds of tasks: the summary tasks and the work packages. Summer tasks will describe each of the processes in the project, for the work packages describe as the lowest level task that required details to complete. From the figure4 shows The London Eye’s Work Breakdown Structure. WBS identifies the work that should be done, based on researcher’s understanding and assuming. The summary tasks can be divided up to four main tasks; safety, stakeholders (internal and external), physical and organizational. Moreover there are more subordinate level breakdown into each main tasks. For example, in physical tasks and the construction of wheel, capsules and foundation can be described as the lower level task of each level. The Gantt chart The Gantt chart was developed during the World War I invented by Henry Laurence Gantt. The Gantt chart uses to identify the necessary steps to obtain a result of work. The process of doing Gantt chart is worked by projecting schedule, follow step by step, from the final result, analyst activities, timing of process and sequence of tasks (Gregory, 2006). The chart can used to compare the estimated time of the project before, start with initial time on the actual time that really spent. Furthermore, Gantt chart can apply to every project, both in big project and small project. For example, building a factory, making a cup of glass or producing a musical. Figure5: London Eye’s Gantt chart From the figure5 shows The London Eye’s Gantt chart. The researcher is using information from the previous research and available documents to create this Gantt chart (The British Broadcasting Corporation, 2005; Tim and Ian, 2000). From this chart can see that London Eye project used approximately 7 years of planning, finding sponsors, get permits and construction. The London Eye can be estimated as the long project in-term of planning, but comparing to the time on construction is apparently very short compared to this kind of the project. Conclusion of the project The London Eye is one of the most successful projects in many aspects. It’s also one of the most successful in architect design of 21st century. The components of London Eye must be assembled above The Thames River that required high technology to handle the project. The original plan of London Eye was planned to be completed the construction in 2 years, but in, finally it used only 16 months to finish the project. If according to, The Iron Triangle theory said that if one of the three variables was changed, it will affect one of the others too. London was used the budget around 75 million pounds to build, but the project’s time construction is faster than expected and the scope has not changed. Unfortunately, components of London Eyes have to ship up and assemble in the Thames River this made it harder to deliver projects on time (Tim and Ian, 2000). The London Eye is not the ordinary project for both suppliers and project management team. To be able to finish on deadline, all around the prost have to be given to everyone who was a part in this project. Shareholders and investors of the project must spend huge money in order to justify risk of the project. For example, if poor quality and not finished on time happened, this implies that the cost of the project may not be the first priority of concern. Therefore, the time and scope or quality must be the first and second priority of the scope in the project. Mace construction that was controlling the project management team of London Eye should be accredited for the achievement and deliver project before deadline. But if they can decrease time for searching operators and suppliers, it could save the cost of the production because time of construction can reduce cost of production. From the stakeholder management perspectives, it illustrates the conflict of interest in shareholders, as the factor of â€Å"Time† had become a conflict among them. However, British Airway as a big shareholder that support financial fund during the construction had burden the high cost of production and risk. But in terms of marketing, British Airway can promote and impose the branding under the sponsorship deal. British Airway also improves brand image by using London Eye as the presenter of their brand. Recommendation of the project Researcher found that from this paper, it helps to understand theories and concept of project management, which make it easier to manage and deal with the project. The fundamentals of controlling cost, deliver on time and satisfaction in quality are significantly important. Not only the stakeholder management and project planning and scheduling will lead to the success of the project. But risk management, uncertainty management, resource management, scope management and other management aspects should be concerned as part of the success factors in project management. Other aspects of business should be considered as important as project management such as financial, human resource management and costumer relationship management. The London Eye project was won over 25 awards for engineering tourism, innovation and design including; 2003 Queen’s Award for Enterprise Innovation Furthermore, the project can make huge profits from the first few months of opening and had recovered the cost (London Eye, 2014). From this show that minimize cost is not always important for business but deliver customer expectation and requirement sometime is more important. The main problem of this project is about lack of managing for future that effects to cost which increases more that it should be. The project manager should concern this point because when one varies in cost, time and quality of project, it will always affect one the others as a whole. 1